急性肾损伤2期与3期连续肾脏替代治疗对危重急性肾损伤患者预后的影响比较

目的比较急性肾损伤(AKI)2期与AKI 3期连续肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)对危重AKI患者预后的影响。方法以2017年2月至2018年10月在本院ICU实施CRRT的56例危重AKI 2~3期患者为研究对象,按照2012年国际改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO)制订的新的AKI标准,将患者分为AKI 2期组(26例)与AKI 3期组(30例)。比较两组的预后指标(住院时间、CRRT持续时间、28 d肾功能恢复率、28 d全因病死率)及治疗前后的急性生理学和慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACEⅡ)评分,采用Kaplan-Meier法对两组进行生存分析。结果AKI 3期组患者的CRRT持续时间[(188.6±112.5)h vs.(96.3±44.7)h]、28 d全因病死率[66.7%(20/30)vs.15.4%(4/26)]均明显高于AKI 2期组(P<0.05),28 d肾功能恢复率[36.7%(11/30)vs.92.3%(24/26)]均明显低于AKI 2期组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者APACEⅡ评分均明显降低(P<0.05),AKI 3期组患者的APACEⅡ评分[(23.4±3.6)分vs.(19.8±2.1)分]明显高于AKI 2期组(P<0.05);AKI 3期组患者的生存中位时间(34 d vs.109 d)明显短于AKI 2期组(P<0.05)。结论AKI 2期启动CRRT能够明显降低28 d全因病死率,延长生存中位时间,改善患者的健康状况。     

预置D-J管分期碎石治疗输尿管嵌顿结石的临床研究

目的比较一期输尿管镜碎石与预置D-J管后二期输尿管镜碎石治疗嵌顿性输尿管结石的临床效果。方法将96例嵌顿性输尿管结石患者按手术方法的不同分为两组,一期碎石组48例,二期碎石组58例。比较两组一次性清石率、手术时间、术后住院时间、并发症发生率等指标。结果两组比较,二期碎石组一次性清石率及手术时间比较并发症发生率、术后住院时间、住院费用等指标均优于一期碎石组,比较差异均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论输尿管硬镜联合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗输尿管嵌顿性结石有良好效果,预先置管可进一步提高临床疗效。     

阴茎超远端完全离断再植1例并文献复习

目的探讨阴茎离断的治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析1例阴茎离断患者的诊治过程及预后,并结合相关文献讨论。结果通过显微外科阴茎再植,阴茎解剖形态和功能得到恢复,术后12个月随访暂无尿道狭窄、勃起功能障碍及其他并发症。结论显微外科阴茎再植术能有效减少一些并发症的发生,应该成为阴茎离断再植术的首选。     

Literature review of peripheral vascular trauma:Is the era of intervention coming?

Traumatic peripheral vascular injury is a significant cause of disability and death either in civilian environments or on the battlefield.Penetrating trauma and blunt trauma are the most common forms of vascular injuries.Besides,iatrogenic arterial injury(IAI)is another pattern of vascular trauma.The management of peripheral vascular injuries has been improved in different environments and wars.There are different types of vascular injuries,such as vasospasm,contusion,intimal flaps,intimal disruption or hematoma,external compression,laceration,transection and focal wall defects,etc.The main clinical manifestations of vascular injuries are shock following massive hemorrhage and limb necrosis due to tissue and organ ischemia.Ultrasound,computed tomography angiography(CTA)and magnetic resonance angiography(MRA)are most valuable for assessment of peripheral vascular injuries.Angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosing vascular trauma.Immediate hemorrhage control and rapid restoration of blood flow are the primary goals of vascular trauma treatment.There are many operative treatment methods for vascular injuries,such as vascular suture or ligation,vascular wall repair and vascular reconstruction with blood vessel prostheses or vascular grafts.Embolization,balloon dilation and covered stent implantation are the main endovascular techniques.Surgical operation is still the primary treatment for vascular injuries.Endovascular treatment is a promising alternative,proved to be safe and effective,and preferred selection for patients.In summary,rapid diagnosis and timely surgical intervention remain the mainstays of the treatment.However,many issues need to be resolved by further studies.     

人脐带间充质干细胞用于衰老相关疾病治疗的研究进展

随着干细胞移植技术的发展,通过输入干细胞进行抗衰老治疗或治疗退行性疾病成为人们研究的热点。人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,HUCMSCs)是一种存在于脐带沃顿胶以及血管周围组织中的独特前体细胞,具有自我更新和多向分化潜能。目前大量科学研究显示HUCMSCs通过再生和修复衰老的细胞、组织和器官达到抗衰老作用。该文对HUCMSCs的生物学特性、组织再生修复作用和抗衰老治疗机制的研究进展进行了详细回顾,并对目前HUCMSCs临床前研究现况进行了总结,提示HUCMSCs是一种具有良好应用潜力和价值的干细胞类型。     

Platysma skin flap: Laryngeal repair material to produce phonatory flap vibrational wave

The platysma skin flap was used for laryngeal reconstruction after vertical partial laryngectomy to improve the postoperative voice quality of patients with T2 and T3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma. Sixty‐nine patients with unilateral T2 and T3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma were included. Forty‐six patients received vertical partial laryngectomy, and a platysma skin flap was used for laryngeal reconstruction. The other 23 patients underwent transoral laser microsurgery. Subjective and objective examinations were performed to evaluate laryngeal morphology after the surgery. Acceptable voice quality was achieved for 46 patients who underwent vertical partial laryngectomy. Flap vibrational waves occurred in 19 cases (41.3%). The platysma skin flap is an ideal tissue for the reconstruction of articulation structure in open surgery of T2 and T3 unilateral glottic laryngeal carcinoma.     

Akermanite bioceramic enhances wound healing with accelerated reepithelialization by promoting proliferation,migration, and stemness of epidermal cells

Reepithelialization is an important step of wound healing, which is mainly completed by proliferation and migration of epidermal cells. Akermanite is a Ca‐, Mg‐, and Si‐containing bioceramic. This study evaluated the effects of Akermanite on wound healing and investigated the mechanisms. Using scald burn mice models, we demonstrated that local Akermanite treatment significantly accelerated wound healing by increasing reepithelialization and the stemness of epidermal cells. Epidermal cells were cultured in medium containing Akermanite extracts to explore the cellular mechanism of reepithelialization. Akermanite promoted the cell proliferation and migration, maintaining more cells in the S and G₂/M phases of the cell cycle. An additional study showed that Akermanite enhanced the expressions of integrinβ1, Lgr4, Lgr5, and Lgr6, which are specific molecular markers of epidermal stem cells, accompanied by the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. These results suggested that Akermanite accelerated reepithelialization by increasing the proliferation, migration, and stemness of epidermal cells in a manner related to the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, which might contribute, at least partially, to accelerated wound healing by Akermanite therapy.